What is endoscopy?
Endoscopy is a procedure performed by entering through the mouth without surgery to examine the digestive system. Endoscopy, which is sometimes used in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders in the esophagus, stomach, large intestine and duodenum, consists of a flexible tube with a camera and light at the tip. In some cases, special instruments may be added to the endoscope to perform a biopsy.
What is the reason for gastroscopy?
For diagnostic purposes: Gastroscopy can be performed due to many symptoms.
Abnormal bleeding
Persistent abdominal pain
Difficulty swallowing, difficulty swallowing, or blockage of the esophagus
Nausea that does not go away
Diarrhea and constipation that does not go away for a long time
Weight loss for which the cause cannot be determined
Stomach ulcer
Infections
Pancreatitis
Gallbladder stones
Tumors
It can be used to investigate the causes of different ailments in the digestive tract.
Biopsy: In addition, a tissue sample can be taken for a biopsy from the stomach, esophagus and duodenum of patients to perform a biopsy in suspicious cases.
What are the types of endoscopy?
In addition to the upper region endoscopy, in which the esophagus, stomach and duodenum are examined, there are different types of endoscopy according to the region being investigated.
Lower Gastrointestinal tract endoscopy (Colonoscopy): The endoscope is placed inside the breech and the lower parts of the digestive system, such as the large intestine, are examined. Sometimes, a shorter tube is used to examine only the lower part of the colon (the sigmoid colon). This procedure is called sigmoidoscopy.
Upper Gastrointestinal tract endoscopy (Gastroscopy): The endoscope is passed through the mouth to the stomach through the esophagus. The esophagus, stomach, duodenum are examined.
What are the latest techniques in endoscopy technology?
The new generation of endoscopes uses high-resolution imaging to create detailed images. In addition, innovative techniques combine endoscopy with imaging technology or surgical procedures.
Capsule endoscopy: Capsule endoscopy can be used in appropriate patients in cases where other tests performed are not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis. It is performed by swallowing a pill with a small camera inside. The patient does not feel the progress of the capsule in the digestive tracts. The capsule moving through the digestive tracts obtains an image for detailed examination.
ERCP: X-rays are combined with endoscopy to diagnose or treat problems in the bile and pancreatic ducts.
Narrowband imaging (NBI): Uses a special filter to help create more contrast between the vessels and the mucosa, the inner lining of the digestive tract. Decongest the lining of the digestive tract and the lining of the digestive tract.
What you need to know about endoscopy
Is endoscopy a risky procedure?
Endoscopy is a very safe method compared to surgical procedures. Like any medical procedure, endoscopy has low, but no risks.
Bleeding: Bleeding may occur during an endoscopy for diagnosis, treatment, or biopsy.
Infection: Most endoscopies consist of examination and biopsy, and the risk of infection is low. The risk of infection may increase when additional procedures are performed as part of Octoscopy. Most infections are minor and can be treated with antibiotics. If your risk of infection is high, your doctor may give you preventive antibiotics before your procedure.
Rupture of the gastrointestinal tract: In rare cases, a tear in the esophagus or another part of the upper digestive tract and damage to organs may occur.
Sedation reaction: Before the upper endoscopy, sedation is applied so that the patient does not feel uncomfortable in order to perform the procedure more comfortably. Although it is very rare, reactions are possible according to the sedation applied.
Chest pain
Fire
Constant pain in the area of endoscopy
Shortness of breath
Difficulty swallowing
Severe and persistent abdominal pain
Vomiting
If these symptoms and complaints are experienced after the endoscopy procedure, you should consult your doctor.
How to prepare for gastroscopy?
Eating and drinking should be stopped for up to eight hours before the endoscopy to make sure that the stomach is empty for the procedure.
Op Dr. Izzettin KAHRAMAN should be informed about existing chronic diseases and all medications used before all endoscopic procedures. Blood thinners should be discontinued a few days before the endoscopy procedure as they may cause bleeding.
The gastroenterology doctor will make the necessary referrals for people with chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease or high blood pressure.
Sedation methods are applied to relieve the patient before the procedure so that pain or discomfort is not felt during the endoscopy procedure. For this reason, it is important to have a person who can help the patient after the procedure with him.
How is gastroscopy performed?
Before the gastroscopy procedure, the patient is rotated to his left side and his head is rotated 90 degrees. If deemed necessary, electrodes can be attached to the patient's body to monitor breathing, blood pressure and heart rate.
Before starting the endoscopy procedure, a sedative is given to the patient to minimize gagging and discomfort to be experienced.
A plastic mouth guard is used to keep the mouth open. Anesthetic is sprayed into the mouth to numb the throat.
The endoscope is placed in the mouth. Your doctor may ask you to swallow while the endoscope is passing through the throat. There may be a feeling of pressure in the throat, but usually no pain is felt.
After the endoscope passes through the throat, the patient cannot speak, but he can make sounds. Endoscopy does not interfere with breathing.
During the endoscopy, the images are transferred to the screen in the examination room. Images of this scanning process in your digestive tract are saved so that they can be examined later.
Light air pressure can be given through the esophagus to inflate the digestive system. This allows the endoscope to move freely and the folds of the digestive tract to be examined more easily. Pressure or fullness can be felt from the added air.
Special surgical instruments can be passed through the endoscope to take a tissue sample or remove a polyp
When the examination is finished, the endoscope is slowly pulled back from your mouth. An endoscopy usually takes 5 to 10 minutes, depending on the condition.
What happens after endoscopy ( gastroscopy)?
After the endoscopy, the patient is listened to for about 1 hour in a hospital setting. Patients are sent home the same day after endoscopy.
Since the patient is taking a sedative, it is important to have a person with him to accompany him.
While at home, mild uncomfortable symptoms may be experienced after gastroscopy
Bloating and gas
Cramp
Throat ache
These signs and symptoms improve over time.
When are the endoscopy results taken?
You can find out the results immediately after the procedure. If he has taken a tissue sample for a biopsy, it may be necessary to wait several days to get a result from the testing laboratory.
What is a colonoscopy?
Colonoscopy is an endoscopic procedure in which the large intestine and rectum are examined. If necessary, polyps in the colon can be removed during the colonoscopy procedure or a tissue sample can be taken for examination in the laboratory. The colonoscopy procedure performed by entering from the breech can be performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The intestine is examined with a flexible tube with a light and a camera at the tip.
What is the reason for performing a colonoscopy?
For Diagnostic Purposes: A colonoscopy can be performed to diagnose problems experienced in the intestine.
Persistent abdominal pain
Rectal bleeding
Chronic constipation
Unexplained anemia, i.e. anemia or iron deficiency
Chronic diarrhea
Colonoscopy should be performed for symptoms such as unexplained weight loss.
Bowel cancer screening: Colonoscopy should be performed for early diagnosis of colon cancer and rectal cancer, even if there are no complaints. colonoscopy is recommended every 5 years over the age of 50. The frequency of colonoscopy may vary for people with a family history of colon or rectal cancer.
Polyp control: People who have previously experienced intestinal polyp problems may need to undergo December colonoscopy control. Removal of intestinal polyps during colonoscopy by early detection is one of the most important ways to protect against bowel cancer.
What are the risks of colonoscopy?
Colonoscopy is a safe procedure. However, from time to time, adverse situations may occur during or after the procedure.
Bleeding
Inflammation
An outward herniation of the large intestinal wall, called a diverticulum
Severe abdominal pain,
Negative reaction to the sedative used during the procedure
Rupture of the colon or rectum wall (perforation)
It can cause problems in people with heart or blood vessel disease.
What should be done before colonoscopy?
To the gastroenterology doctor who will perform the procedure before the colonoscopy;
Pregnancy
Lung diseases
Heart diseases
Diabetic
Information about the medications used or drug allergies should be provided.
In order for a colonoscopy to be successful, the intestines must be empty, that is, cleaned. Different methods can be applied for this. If the intestines are not cleaned properly, structures called lesions or polyps may be overlooked during the colonoscopy procedure, colonoscopy may be prolonged(prolonged colonoscopy may also bring risks), colonoscopy may be repeated.
Colonoscopy preparation diet: There may be some dietary or fluid restrictions before the colonoscopy procedure. However, whether this type of nutrition style will be applied or not may vary depending on the patient. After evaluating the patient's condition, the doctor decides whether the nutrition style is necessary for a colonoscopy.
The purpose of the colonoscopy diet is based on avoiding high-fiber plant foods that leave pulp. Problems may occur in colon cleansing because consuming fiber-rich foods will leave too much pulp.
